Block-structure and object-oriented languages
Research directions in object-oriented programming
Relations as semantic constructs in an object-oriented language
OOPSLA '87 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Controlling propagation of operations using attributes on relations
OOPSLA '88 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
DSM: an object-relationship modeling language
OOPSLA '89 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Virtual classes: a powerful mechanism in object-oriented programming
OOPSLA '89 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
An ontological analysis of the relationship construct in conceptual modeling
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Type-safe convariant specialization with generalized matching
Information and Computation - FOOL VII
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Aspect-oriented software development
First-class relationships in an object-oriented language
ECOOP'05 Proceedings of the 19th European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
On the use of association redefinition in UML class diagrams
ER'06 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Conceptual Modeling
A relational model of object collaborations and its use in reasoning about relationships
ECOOP'07 Proceedings of the 21st European conference on Object-Oriented Programming
An observer-based notion of model inheritance
MODELS'10 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Model driven engineering languages and systems: Part I
SAM'12 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on System Analysis and Modeling: theory and practice
On model compatibility with referees and contexts
Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM)
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UML supports specialization of associations, but with sparse semantics. It is recognized that specialization is different from subsetting of association end sets, and UML indicates that it has a meaning similar to specialization for classes (or classifiers in general). Recent efforts on the introduction of associations into programming languages have claimed, with convincing examples, that specialization of associations can not be defined similar to specialization for classes. In this paper we demonstrate that these examples really call for the notion of nested associations; in addition it is demonstrated that other examples call for real specialization (as for classes) of associations. The two notions: nested associations and specialization of associations have been implemented in a prototype tool for an experimental modeling language, and together they open for rich modeling of associations similar to what we have for classes.