Multicast routing in datagram internetworks and extended LANs
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Multicast routing for multimedia communication
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Multicast tree generation in networks with asymmetric links
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Operational transformation in real-time group editors: issues, algorithms, and achievements
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Bayeux: an architecture for scalable and fault-tolerant wide-area data dissemination
NOSSDAV '01 Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Complexity and Approximation: Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Their Approximability Properties
Concurrent Operations in a Distributed and Mobile Collaborative Environment
ICDE '98 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Data Engineering
Borg: a hybrid protocol for scalable application-level multicast in peer-to-peer networks
NOSSDAV '03 Proceedings of the 13th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Application Layer Multicast For Efficient Peer-to-Peer Applications
WIAPP '03 Proceedings of the The Third IEEE Workshop on Internet Applications
Leveraging single-user applications for multi-user collaboration: the coword approach
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Multicriteria Optimization
Transparent adaptation of single-user applications for multi-user real-time collaboration
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Overcast: reliable multicasting with on overlay network
OSDI'00 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation - Volume 4
CoMaya: incorporating advanced collaboration capabilities into 3d digital media design tools
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A case for end system multicast
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Scribe: a large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Current implementations of real-time collaborative applications rely on a dedicated infrastructure to carry out all synchronizing and communication functions, and require all end nodes to communicate directly with and through the central server. In this paper, we investigate an architecture, in which the most resource intensive functionality of continuous communication among collaborators to disseminate changes is decentralized, utilizing the end users as relays. We observe that communication characteristics of real-time collaboration makes use of existing multicast mechanisms unsuitable. As collaborative editing sessions are typically long, we are able to gather and then use additional parameters ofnodes (their instabilities and frequency of sending updates) and communication links (latencies and average costs). We identify several criteria to determinethe quality of a multicast tree: cost, latency and instability. We analyze the complexity of these problems and propose algorithms to optimize the communicationtopology. We also consider the multiobjective problem in which we search for a tree that results in a good trade-off between these measures. Validation ofalgorithms on numerous graphs shows that it is important to consider the multiobjective problem, as optimal solutions for one performance measure can be far from optimal values of the others.