The disparity between P2P overlays and ISP underlays: issues, existing solutions, and challenges
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
LAN-awareness: improved P2P live streaming
Proceedings of the 21st international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
A game theory framework for ISP streaming traffic management
Performance Evaluation
On traffic locality and QoE in hybrid CDN-P2P networks
Proceedings of the 44th Annual Simulation Symposium
ISP-friendly P2P live streaming: A roadmap to realization
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) - Special Issue on P2P Streaming
Measurement study on P2P streaming systems
The Journal of Supercomputing
ISP-Friendly Live P2P Streaming
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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With the ever-increasing P2P Internet traffic, recently much attention has been paid to the topology mismatch between the P2P overlay and the underlying network due to the large amount of cross-ISP traffic. Mainly focusing on BitTorrent-like file sharing systems, several recent studies have demonstrated how to efficiently bridge the overlay and the underlying network by leveraging the existing infrastructure, such as CDN services or developing new application-ISP interfaces, such as P4P. However, so far the traffic locality in existing P2P live streaming systems has not been well studied. In this work, taking PPLive as an example, we examine traffic locality in Internet P2P streaming systems. Our measurement results on both popular and unpopular channels from various locations show that current PPLive traffic is highly localized at the ISP level. In particular, we find: (1) a PPLive peer mainly obtains peer lists referred by its connected neighbors (rather than tracker servers) and up to 90\% of listed peers are from the same ISP as the requesting peer; (2) the major portion of the streaming traffic received by a requesting peer (up to 88\% in popular channels) is served by peers in the same ISP as the requestor; (3) the top 10\% of the connected peers provide most (about 70\%) of the requested streaming data and these top peers have smaller RTT to the requesting peer. Our study reveals that without using any topology information or demanding any infrastructure support, PPLive achieves such high ISP level traffic locality spontaneously with its decentralized, latency based, neighbor referral peer selection strategy. These findings provide some new insights for better understanding and optimizing the network- and user-level performance in practical P2P live streaming systems.