Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
On the State of Evolutionary Computation
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
Evolutionary Computation
The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in amultidimensional complex space
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Modelling and Simulation in Engineering
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With stock surpluses and shortages representing one of the greatest elements of risk to wholesalers, a solution to the multiretailer supply chain management problem would result in tremendous economic benefits. In this problem, a single wholesaler with multiple retailer customers must find an optimal balance of quantities ordered from suppliers and acceptable lead time costs, while taking into account limiting factors such as the time each retailer will wait for a backorder. The following four evolutionary computations (EC) are utilized to find a solution: evolutionary programming (EP), genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimizers (PSO), and estimation of distribution algorithms (EDA). In addition, problem-specific modifications to each are created. Of the 32 attempted algorithms, the following proved to be best with respect to the client-mandated test-suite: Probabilistic Dual-Topology Full-Model PSO, Star-Topology Full-Model PSO using dynamically-adjusting learning rates, Out-of-the-Box Star-Topology Full-Model PSO, and a Gaussian-based Star-Topology Full-Model PSO with the Constriction Coefficient. A secondary test-suite was also developed to test the effectiveness of the best algorithms on the problem. With respect to the client-mandated and the developed test suite's fitness threshold and maximum number of function evaluations, the best algorithm had an 87% and 90% success rate, respectively. Considering the flexibility and high performance of the solution and the generality of the problem, these results represent a significant contribution to commercial wholesaling.