An algorithm for string matching with a sequence of don't cares
Information Processing Letters
Search improvement via automatic query reformulation
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) - Special issue on research and development in information retrieval
Scatter/Gather: a cluster-based approach to browsing large document collections
SIGIR '92 Proceedings of the 15th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Rich interaction in the digital library
Communications of the ACM
Interface issues and interaction strategies for information retrieval systems
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A case for interaction: a study of interactive information retrieval behavior and effectiveness
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating user interfaces to information retrieval systems: a case study on user support
SIGIR '96 Proceedings of the 19th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Improving retrieval performance by relevance feedback
Readings in information retrieval
How reliable are the results of large-scale information retrieval experiments?
Proceedings of the 21st annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Phrase recognition and expansion for short, precision-biased queries based on a query log
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
The paraphrase search assistant: terminological feedback for iterative information seeking
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Statistical phrases for vector-space information retrieval (poster abstract)
Proceedings of the 22nd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Grouper: a dynamic clustering interface to Web search results
WWW '99 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on World Wide Web
Analysis of a very large web search engine query log
ACM SIGIR Forum
Improving browsing in digital libraries with keyphrase indexes
Decision Support Systems - From information retrieval to knowledge management: enabling technologies and best practices
Real life, real users, and real needs: a study and analysis of user queries on the web
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Do batch and user evaluations give the same results?
SIGIR '00 Proceedings of the 23rd annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Communications of the ACM
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal - Special issue on interactivity at the text retrieval conference (TREC)
Introduction to Algorithms
Using terminological feedback for web search refinement: a log-based study
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Mining longitudinal web queries: trends and patterns
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Engineering a multi-purpose test collection for web retrieval experiments
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Building a large annotated corpus of English: the penn treebank
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on using large corpora: II
Information retrieval using robust natural language processing
ACL '92 Proceedings of the 30th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A fast algorithm for the generalized k-keyword proximity problem given keyword offsets
Information Processing Letters
A simple rule-based part of speech tagger
HLT '91 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
NLTK: the Natural Language Toolkit
ETMTNLP '02 Proceedings of the ACL-02 Workshop on Effective tools and methodologies for teaching natural language processing and computational linguistics - Volume 1
Analysis of the query logs of a web site search engine
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Bias and the limits of pooling
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluation of phrasal query suggestions
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
User-chosen phrases in interactive query formulation for information retrieval
IRSG'98 Proceedings of the 20th Annual BCS-IRSG conference on Information Retrieval Research
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This paper describes and evaluates a unified approach to phrasal query suggestions in the context of a high-precision search engine. The search engine performs ranked extended-Boolean searches with the proximity operator near being the default operation. Suggestions are offered to the searcher when the length of the result list falls outside predefined bounds. If the list is too long, the engine specializes the query through the use of super phrases; if the list is too short, the engine generalizes the query through the use of proximal subphrases. We describe methods for generating both types of suggestions and present algorithms for ranking the suggestions. Specifically, we present the problem of counting proximal subphrases for specialization and the problem of counting unordered super phrases for generalization. The uptake of our approach was evaluated by analyzing search log data from before and after the suggestion feature was added to a commercial version of the search engine. We looked at approximately 1.5 million queries and found that, after they were added, suggestions represented nearly 30% of the total queries. Efficacy was evaluated through a controlled study of 24 participants performing nine searches using three different search engines. We found that the engine with phrasal query suggestions had better high-precision recall than both the same search engine without suggestions and a search engine with a similar interface but using an Okapi BM25 ranking algorithm.