PAMAS—power aware multi-access protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Topology management for sensor networks: exploiting latency and density
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Wake on wireless: an event driven energy saving strategy for battery operated devices
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Asynchronous wakeup for ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Message Ferrying: Proactive Routing in Highly-Partitioned Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
FTDCS '03 Proceedings of the The Ninth IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems
A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets
Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Cooperative solutions to the dynamic management of communication resources
Cooperative solutions to the dynamic management of communication resources
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Towards mobility as a network control primitive
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Routing in a delay tolerant network
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A Multi-Radio Unification Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks
BROADNETS '04 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Broadband Networks
Reconsidering wireless systems with multiple radios
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Exploiting Radio Hierarchies for Power-Efficient Wireless Device Discovery and Connection Setup
VLSID '05 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on VLSI Design held jointly with 4th International Conference on Embedded Systems Design
Turducken: hierarchical power management for mobile devices
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Using redundancy to cope with failures in a delay tolerant network
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Erasure-coding based routing for opportunistic networks
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Delay-tolerant networking
Hierarchical power management in disruption tolerant networks with traffic-aware optimization
Proceedings of the 2006 SIGCOMM workshop on Challenged networks
JAVeLEN - An ultra-low energy ad hoc wireless network
Ad Hoc Networks
Modeling path duration distributions in MANETs and their impact on reactive routing protocols
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Research challenges towards the Future Internet
Computer Communications
Searchlight: won't you be my neighbor?
Proceedings of the 18th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
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Recent efforts in Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have shown that mobility can be a powerful means for delivering messages in highly-challenged environments. DTNs are wireless mobile networks that are particularly useful in sparse environments where the density of nodes is insufficient to support direct end-to-end communication. Unfortunately, many mobility scenarios depend on untethered devices with limited energy supplies. Without careful management, depleted energy supplies will degrade network connectivity and counteract the robustness gained by mobility. A primary concern is the energy consumed by wireless communication, and in particular the energy consumed in searching for other nodes to communicate with. In this paper we examine a hierarchical radio architecture in which nodes are equipped with two complementary radios: a long-range, high-power radio and a short-range, low-power radio. In this architecture energy can be conserved by using the low-power radio to discover communication opportunities with other nodes and waking the high-power radio to undertake data transmission. We develop a generalized power management framework for controlling the wake-up intervals of the two radios. In addition, we show how to incorporate knowledge of the traffic load, and we devise approximation algorithms to control the sleep/wake-up cycling to provide maximum energy conservation while discovering enough communication opportunities to handle that load. We evaluate our schemes through simulation under various mobility scenarios. Our results show that our generalized power management scheme can tune wake-up intervals of the two radios to balance energy efficiency and delivery performance. Also, when traffic load can be predicted, our approximation algorithms reduce energy consumption from 60% to 99% compared to no power management.