The SGML handbook
Embedded markup considered harmful
World Wide Web Journal - Special issue on XML: principles, tools, and techniques
Towards the unification of formats for overlapping markup
The New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia
DINAH, a philological platform for the construction of multi-structured documents
ECDL'10 Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Research and advanced technology for digital libraries
Handling markup overlaps using OWL
EKAW'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Knowledge engineering and management by the masses
Using semantic web technologies for analysis and validation of structural markup
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
Using semantic web technologies for analysis and validation of structural markup
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
Exploring manuscripts: sharing ancient wisdoms across the semantic web
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics
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Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Using RDFS/OWL to ease semantic integration of structured documents
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM symposium on Document engineering
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In this paper we propose a novel approach to markup, called Extreme Annotational RDF Markup (EARMARK), using RDF and OWL to annotate features in text content that cannot be mapped with usual markup languages. EARMARK provides a unifying framework to handle tree-based XML features as well as more complex markup for non-XML scenarios such as overlapping elements, repeated and non-contiguous ranges and structured attributes. EARMARK includes and expands the principles of XML markup, RDFa inline annotations and existing approaches to overlapping markup such as LMNL and TexMecs. EARMARK documents can also be linearized into plain XML by choosing any of a number of strategies to express a tree-based subset of the annotations as an XML structure and fitting in the remaining annotations through a number of "tricks", markup expedients for hierarchical linearization of non-hierarchical features. EARMARK provides a solid platform for providing vocabulary-independent declarative support to advanced document features such as transclusion, overlapping and out-of-order annotations within a conceptually insensitive environment such as XML, and does so by exploiting recent semantic web concepts and languages.