The SGML handbook
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Towards a semantics for XML markup
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Document engineering
The SWAN biomedical discourse ontology
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Content Ontology Design Patterns as Practical Building Blocks for Web Ontologies
ER '08 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
Annotations with EARMARK for arbitrary, overlapping and out-of order markup
Proceedings of the 9th ACM symposium on Document engineering
Structural patterns for descriptive documents
ICWE'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Web engineering
Handling markup overlaps using OWL
EKAW'10 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Knowledge engineering and management by the masses
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Semantic Systems
Annotations with EARMARK in practice: a fairy tale
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Collaborative Annotations in Shared Environment: metadata, vocabularies and techniques in the Digital Humanities
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An increasing part of research in the Semantic Web has been directed at making data become the main concept of the web. Plenty of languages and specifications support this transition and work by inserting additional (semantic) markup into web documents. Yet, little attention is being paid to the possibility of expressing the actual structures of the documents in a form suitable for the semantic web. EARMARK is a model for explicitly expressing structural assertions of markup and documents, allowing a straightforward integration of the semantics of the markup and the semantics of the content. The well-formedness of a hierarchy, for instance, becomes an explicit assertion and similarly the analysis of the validity of markup structures become matter for further semantic analysis. This paper describes EARMARK and shows a framework for using OWL ontologies, that implement particular markup properties, to demonstrate the compliance of EARMARK documents with those properties.