The elements of artificial intelligence: an introduction using LISP
The elements of artificial intelligence: an introduction using LISP
A software architecture for supporting the exchange of electronic manuscripts
Communications of the ACM
Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing
Communications of the ACM
Artificial intelligence through Prolog
Artificial intelligence through Prolog
Latex: a document preparation system
Latex: a document preparation system
SGML as a component of the digital library
Library Hi Tech - Special issue: modes of communicating information and knowledge
From data representation to data model: meta-semantic issues in the evolution of SGML
Computer Standards & Interfaces - Special issue on SGML into the nineties
$GML: the billion dollar secret
$GML: the billion dollar secret
All my data is in SGML. Now what?
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special topic issue on structured information/standards for document architectures
The descriptive/procedural distinction is flawed
Markup Languages
A generalized approach to document markup
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN SIGOA symposium on Text manipulation
Scribe: a document specification language and its compiler
Scribe: a document specification language and its compiler
TEX and METAFONT: New directions in typesetting
TEX and METAFONT: New directions in typesetting
XML semantics and digital libraries
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Context representation, transformation and comparison for ad hoc product data exchange
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Document engineering
Methods for the semantic analysis of document markup
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Document engineering
Introducing structure management in automatic reference resolution: An XML-based approach
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
SIGDOC '07 Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM international conference on Design of communication
Technologies for data semantic modelling
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies
Towards identity conditions for digital documents
DCMI '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Dublin Core and metadata applications: supporting communities of discourse and practice---metadata research & applications
Intertextual semantics: A semantics for information design
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Semantic Systems
Using semantic web technologies for analysis and validation of structural markup
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
Using semantic web technologies for analysis and validation of structural markup
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
XSDL: making XML semantics explicit
SWDB'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Semantic Web and Databases
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Although XML Document Type Definitions provide a mechanism for specifying, in machine-readable form, the syntax of an XML markup language, there is no comparable mechanism for specifying the semantics of an XML vocabulary. That is, there is no way to characterize the meaning of XML markup so that the facts and relationships represented by the occurrence of XML constructs can be explicitly, comprehensively, and mechanically identified. This has serious practical and theoretical consequences. On the positive side, XML constructs can be assigned arbitrary semantics and used in application areas not foreseen by the original designers. On the less positive side, both content developers and application engineers must rely upon prose documentation, or, worse, conjectures about the intention of the markup language designer --- a process that is time-consuming, error-prone, incomplete, and unverifiable, even when the language designer properly documents the language. In addition, the lack of a substantial body of research in markup semantics means that digital document processing is undertheorized as an engineering application area. Although there are some related projects underway (XML Schema, RDF, the Semantic Web) which provide relevant results, none of these projects directly and comprehensively address the core problems of XML markup semantics. This paper (i) summarizes the history of the concept of markup meaning, (ii) characterizes the specific problems that motivate the need for a formal semantics for XML and (iii) describes an ongoing research project --- the BECHAMEL Markup Semantics Project --- that is attempting to develop such a semantics.