Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing
Communications of the ACM
From data representation to data model: meta-semantic issues in the evolution of SGML
Computer Standards & Interfaces - Special issue on SGML into the nineties
Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange: Volumes 1 and 2: P4
Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange: Volumes 1 and 2: P4
Towards a semantics for XML markup
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Document engineering
XML Declarative Description: A Language for the Semantic Web
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Towards identity conditions for digital documents
DCMI '03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Dublin Core and metadata applications: supporting communities of discourse and practice---metadata research & applications
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Semantic Systems
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The lack of a standard formalism for expressing the semantics of an XML vocabulary is a major obstacle to the development of high-function interoperable digital libraries. XML document type definitions (DTDs) provide a mechanism for specifying the syntax of an XML vocabulary, but there is no comparable mechanism for specifying the semantics of that vocabulary --- where semantics simply means the basic facts and relationships represented by the occurrence of XML constructs. A substantial loss of functionality and interoperability in digital libraries results from not having a common machine-readable formalism for expressing these relationships for the XML vocabularies currently being used to encode content. Recently a number of projects and standards have begun taking up related topics. We describe the problem and our own project.