Digital halftoning
The Art of Electronics
Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach
Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach
A Study of Enhancing the Robustness of Watermark
MSE '00 Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education
Joint halftoning and watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Modeling and quality assessment of halftoning by error diffusion
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Data hiding watermarking for halftone images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image information and visual quality
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper, a least distortion approach is proposed for halftone image watermarking. The impacts of distortion and tonality problems in halftoning are analyzed. An iterative linear gain model is developed to optimize perceptual quality of watermarking halftone images with efficient computation complexity O (1). An optimum linear gain for data hiding error diffusion is derived and mapped into a standard linear gain model, with the tonality evaluated using the average power spectral density. As compared with Fu and Au's data hiding error diffusion method, our experiments show that our proposed linear gain model can achieve an improvement of between 6.5% to 12% using weighted signal-to-noise ratio (WSNR) and an improvement of between 11% to 23% measured by visual image fidelity (VIF).