High-capacity data hiding in halftone images using minimal-error bit searching and least-mean square filter

Authors:
Soo-Chang Pei;Jing-Ming Guo
Affiliations:
Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan;-
Venue:
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Year:
2006

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Abstract

In this paper, a high-capacity data hiding is proposed for embedding a large amount of information into halftone images. The embedded watermark can be distributed into several error-diffused images with the proposed minimal-error bit-searching technique (MEBS). The method can also be generalized to self-decoding mode with dot diffusion or color halftone images. From the experiments, the embedded capacity from 33% up to 50% and good quality results are achieved. Furthermore, the proposed MEBS method is also extended for robust watermarking against the degradation from printing-and-scanning and several kinds of distortions. Finally, a least-mean square-based halftoning is developed to produce an edge-enhanced halftone image, and the technique also cooperates with MEBS for all the applications described above, including high-capacity data hiding with secret sharing or self-decoding mode, as well as robust watermarking. The results prove much sharper than the error diffusion or dot diffusion methods.