Trust between humans and machines, and the design of decision aids
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies - Special Issue: Cognitive Engineering in Dynamic Worlds
Joint Cognitive Systems
Human control for cooperating robot teams
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
Assessing cooperation in human control of heterogeneous robots
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
A comparative study of multimodal displays for multirobot supervisory control
EPCE'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics
Operating multiple semi-autonomous UGVs: navigation, strategies, and instantaneous performance
EPCE'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics
Validating human-robot interaction schemes in multitasking environments
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
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This paper investigates how one operator can control a multi-robot system for tactical reconnaissance using partly autonomous UGVs. Instead of controlling individual UGVs, the operator uses supervisory control to allocate partly autonomous UGVs into suitable groups and define areas for search. A state-of-the-art pursuit-evasion algorithm then performed the detailed control of available UGVs. The supervisory control was evaluated by allowing subjects to control either six or twelve UGVs for tactical reconnaissance along the route of advance for a convoy traveling through an urban environment with mobile threats. The results show that increasing the number of UGVs improve the subjects situation awareness, increase the number of threats that are detected, and reduce the number of hits on the convoy. More importantly, these benefits were achieved without any increase in mental workload. The results support the common belief in autonomous functions as an approach to reduce the operator-to-vehicle ratio in military applications.