Should Agents Speak Like, um, Humans? The Use of Conversational Fillers by Virtual Agents

  • Authors:
  • Laura M. Pfeifer;Timothy Bickmore

  • Affiliations:
  • Northeastern University College of Computer and Information Science, Boston 02115;Northeastern University College of Computer and Information Science, Boston 02115

  • Venue:
  • IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
  • Year:
  • 2009

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Abstract

We describe the design and evaluation of an agent that uses the fillers um and uh in its speech. We describe an empirical study of human-human dialogue, analyzing gaze behavior during the production of fillers and use this data to develop a model of agent-based gaze behavior. We find that speakers are significantly more likely to gaze away from their dialogue partner while uttering fillers, especially if the filler occurs at the beginning of a speaking turn. This model is evaluated in a preliminary experiment. Results indicate mixed attitudes towards an agent that uses conversational fillers in its speech.