Graph-Based Algorithms for Boolean Function Manipulation
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
The royal tree problem, a benchmark for single and multiple population genetic programming
Advances in genetic programming
Genetic programming: an introduction: on the automatic evolution of computer programs and its applications
The evolution of size and shape
Advances in genetic programming
Foundations of genetic programming
Foundations of genetic programming
Size Fair and Homologous Tree Crossovers for Tree Genetic Programming
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Some Considerations on the Reason for Bloat
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
An Analysis of the Causes of Code Growth in Genetic Programming
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Exons and Code Growth in Genetic Programming
EuroGP '02 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming
PPSN III Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation. The Third Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature: Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
General schema theory for genetic programming with subtree-swapping crossover: part I
Evolutionary Computation
Modification point depth and genome growth in genetic programming
Evolutionary Computation
General schema theory for genetic programming with subtree-swapping crossover: Part II
Evolutionary Computation
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
On the behavioral diversity of random programs
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Probabilistic incremental program evolution
Evolutionary Computation
Search bias, language bias and genetic programming
GECCO '96 Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Identifying structural mechanisms in standard genetic programming
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII
What makes a problem GP-hard? validating a hypothesis of structural causes
GECCO'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation: PartII
Semantic building blocks in genetic programming
EuroGP'08 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Genetic programming
The tree-string problem: an artificial domain for structure and content search
EuroGP'05 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming
Evolving computer programs without subtree crossover
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Two fast tree-creation algorithms for genetic programming
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Diversity in genetic programming: an analysis of measures and correlation with fitness
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Semantics based crossover for boolean problems
Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
A fine-grained view of GP locality with binary decision diagrams as ant phenotypes
PPSN'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Parallel problem solving from nature: Part I
Promoting phenotypic diversity in genetic programming
PPSN'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Parallel problem solving from nature: Part II
Semantically-based crossover in genetic programming: application to real-valued symbolic regression
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Mutation as a diversity enhancing mechanism in genetic programming
Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Phenotypic diversity in initial genetic programming populations
EuroGP'10 Proceedings of the 13th European conference on Genetic Programming
An investigation of fitness sharing with semantic and syntactic distance metrics
EuroGP'12 Proceedings of the 15th European conference on Genetic Programming
EpochX: genetic programming in java with statistics and event monitoring
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Geometric semantic genetic programming
PPSN'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature - Volume Part I
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Land cover/land use multiclass classification using GP with geometric semantic operators
EvoApplications'13 Proceedings of the 16th European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation
Runtime analysis of mutation-based geometric semantic genetic programming on boolean functions
Proceedings of the twelfth workshop on Foundations of genetic algorithms XII
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Event-based graphical monitoring in the EpochX genetic programming framework
Proceedings of the 15th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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Population initialisation in genetic programming is both easy, because random combinations of syntax can be generated straightforwardly, and hard, because these random combinations of syntax do not always produce random and diverse program behaviours. In this paper we perform analyses of behavioural diversity, the size and shape of starting populations, the effects of purely semantic program initialisation and the importance of tree shape in the context of program initialisation. To achieve this, we create four different algorithms, in addition to using the traditional ramped half and half technique, applied to seven genetic programming problems. We present results to show that varying the choice and design of program initialisation can dramatically influence the performance of genetic programming. In particular, program behaviour and evolvable tree shape can have dramatic effects on the performance of genetic programming. The four algorithms we present have different rates of success on different problems.