Using the ENF Criterion for Determining the Time of Recording of Short Digital Audio Recordings

Authors:
Maarten Huijbregtse;Zeno Geradts
Affiliations:
Departement Digital Evidence and Biometrics, Netherlands Forensic Institute, DEN HAAG, Netherlands 2497;Departement Digital Evidence and Biometrics, Netherlands Forensic Institute, DEN HAAG, Netherlands 2497
Venue:
IWCF '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Computational Forensics
Year:
2009

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Abstract

The Electric Network Frequency (ENF) Criterion is a recently developed forensic technique for determining the time of recording of digital audio recordings, by matching the ENF pattern from a questioned recording with an ENF pattern database. In this paper we discuss its inherent limitations in the case of short --- i.e., less than 10 minutes in duration --- digital audio recordings. We also present a matching procedure based on the correlation coefficient, as a more robust alternative to squared error matching.