Visualization ability as a predictor of user learning success
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Lost in hyperspace: cognitive mapping and navigation in a hypertext environment
Hypertext: theory into practice
Overcoming the Lack of Screen Space on Mobile Computers
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Augmenting audio messages with visual directions in mobile guides: an evaluation of three approaches
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
Understanding age differences in PDA acceptance and performance
Computers in Human Behavior
The role of spatial abilities and age in performance in an auditory computer navigation task
Computers in Human Behavior
Human-Computer Interaction
Effects of age, cognitive, and personal factors on PDA menu navigation performance
Behaviour & Information Technology
ERCIM'06 Proceedings of the 9th conference on User interfaces for all
Effects of Aging and Domain Knowledge on Usability in Small Screen Devices for Diabetes Patients
USAB '09 Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Workgroup Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering of the Austrian Computer Society on HCI and Usability for e-Inclusion
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Disorientation in small-screen-device menus is a frequent problem for many users. This study examines if navigation aids containing spatial information may reduce disorientation. Two aids were implemented into a simulated mobile phone: One aid contained spatial cues, providing an overview of menu locations and routes, the other delivered landmark knowledge, representing salient features on the route. Also, a condition without any aid was examined. 24 children and 24 adults solved four phone tasks twice. Dependent variables were navigation effectiveness and efficiency. Performance was lowest when users were not supported by any aid. The aid providing survey knowledge yielded the best performance. Though, the relative benefit by aids revealed to be age-related. While the aid providing survey knowledge was advantageous for all users, the aid delivering landmark knowledge was especially harmful for the children, which showed considerably more detouring in the menu. It is concluded that navigation aids reduce disorientation in small devices, especially those which support users to build up a spatial representation of the menu.