An experimental study of phase transitions in matching

  • Authors:
  • Attilio Giordana;Marco Botta;Lorenza Saitta

  • Affiliations:
  • Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, University del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy;Dipartimento di Informatica, Universita di Torino, Torino, Italy;Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Universita del Piemonte Orientate, Alessandria, Italy

  • Venue:
  • IJCAI'99 Proceedings of the 16th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
  • Year:
  • 1999

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Abstract

Finding models of a predicate logic formula is a well-known hard problem, whose complexity is exponential in the number of variables. However, even though this number is kept constant, substantial differences in complexity arise when searching for solutions in different problem instances. Such a behavior appears to be quite general, according to recent results reported in the literature; in fact, several classes of hard problems exhibit a narrow phase transition with respect to some order parameter, in correspondence of which the complexity dramatically rises up, still remaining tractable elsewhere. In this paper we provide an extensive experimental study on the emergence of a phase transition in the problem of matching a Horn clause to a universe, searching for a model of the clause or for a proof that no such model exists. As it turns out, phase transition in the matching problem depends in an essential way on two order parameters, one capturing syntactic aspects of the clause structure (intensional aspect), while the other related to the structure of the universe (extensional aspect).