Dual viewpoint heuristics for binary constraint satisfaction problems
ECAI '92 Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Artificial intelligence
New methods to color the vertices of a graph
Communications of the ACM
An empirical analysis of search in GSAT
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
From approximate to optimal solutions: a case study of number partitioning
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Theoretical analysis of Davis-Putnam procedure and propositional satisfiability
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Phase transitions of the asymmetric traveling salesman
IJCAI'03 Proceedings of the 18th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Where the really hard problems are
IJCAI'91 Proceedings of the 12th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Using CSP look-back techniques to solve real-world SAT instances
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Problem structure in the presence of perturbations
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Phase Transitions in Relational Learning
Machine Learning
Relational learning as search in a critical region
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Backbone fragility and the local search cost peak
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
An experimental study of phase transitions in matching
IJCAI'99 Proceedings of the 16th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Algorithmic entropy, phase transition, and smart systems
ICCS'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science: PartIII
An Empirical Study of the Manipulability of Single Transferable Voting
Proceedings of the 2010 conference on ECAI 2010: 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Is computational complexity a barrier to manipulation?
CLIMA'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computational logic in multi-agent systems
Is computational complexity a barrier to manipulation?
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence
Where are the hard manipulation problems?
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
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A general rule of thumb is to tackle the hardest part of a search problem first. Many heuristics therefore try to branch on the most constrained variable. To test their effectiveness at this, we measure the constrainedness of a problem during search. We run experiments in several different domains, using both random and nonrandom problems. In each case, we observe a constrainedness "knife-edge" in which critically constrained problems tend to remain critically constrained. We show that this knife-edge is predicted by a theoretical lower-bound calculation. We also observe a very simple scaling with problem size for various properties measured during search including the ratio of clauses to variables, and the average clause size. Finally, we use this picture of search to propose some branching heuristics for propositional satisfiability.