Rational two-parameter families of spheres and rational offset surfaces

  • Authors:
  • Martin Peternell

  • Affiliations:
  • Institute of Discrete Mathematics and Geometry, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, Vienna, Austria

  • Venue:
  • Journal of Symbolic Computation
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

The present paper investigates two-parameter families of spheres in R^3 and their corresponding two-dimensional surfaces @F in R^4. Considering a rational surface @F in R^4, the envelope surface @J of the corresponding family of spheres in R^3 is typically non-rational. Using a classical sphere-geometric approach, we prove that the envelope surface @J and its offset surfaces admit rational parameterizations if and only if @F is a rational sub-variety of a rational isotropic hyper-surface in R^4. The close relation between the envelope surfaces @J and rational offset surfaces in R^3 is elaborated in detail. This connection leads to explicit rational parameterizations for all rational surfaces @F in R^4 whose corresponding two-parameter families of spheres possess envelope surfaces admitting rational parameterizations. Finally we discuss several classes of surfaces sharing this property.