IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape measures for content based image retrieval: a comparison
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Wheelchair Guidance Strategies Using EOG
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
Developing Intelligent Wheelchairs for the Handicapped
Assistive Technology and Artificial Intelligence, Applications in Robotics, User Interfaces and Natural Language Processing
Commands Generation by Face Movements Applied to the Guidance of a Wheelchair for Handicapped People
ICPR '00 Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 4
Multiscale Fourier Descriptor for Shape-Based Image Retrieval
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 2 - Volume 02
Stereo Camera Based Non-Contact Non-Constraining Head Gesture Interface for Electric Wheelchairs
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 04
Development of head gesture interface for electric wheelchair
Proceedings of the 1st international convention on Rehabilitation engineering & assistive technology: in conjunction with 1st Tan Tock Seng Hospital Neurorehabilitation Meeting
Fourier Descriptors for Plane Closed Curves
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Electroencephalogram-Based Control of an Electric Wheelchair
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
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he user interface of existing autonomous wheelchairs concentrates on direct control of the wheelchair by the user using mechanical devices or various hand, head or face gestures. However, it is important to monitor the user to ensure safety an comfort of the user, who operates the autonomous wheelchair. In addition, such monitoring of a user greatly improves usablity of an autonomous wheelchair due to the improved communication between the user and the wheelchair. This paper proposes a user monitoring system for an autonomous wheelchair. The feedback of the user and the information about the actions of the user, obtained by such a system, will be used by the autonomous wheelchair for planning of its future actions. As a first step towards creation of the monitoring system, this work proposes and examines the feasibility of a system that is capable of recognizing static facial gestures of the user using a camera mounted on a wheelchair. The prototype of such a system has been implemented and tested, achieving 90% recognition rate with 6% false positive and 4% false negative rates.