Talking it over: the natural language dialog system HAM-ANS
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Toward Systems that Understand Spoken Language
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A task independent oral dialogue model
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A dialogue manager using initiative-response units and distributed control
EACL '91 Proceedings of the fifth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
A three-level model for plan exploration
ACL '91 Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A tripartite plan-based model of dialogue
ACL '91 Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Pragmatic sensitivity in NL interfaces and the structure of conversation
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A generic template to evaluate integrated components in spoken dialogue systems
ISDS '97 Interactive Spoken Dialog Systems on Bringing Speech and NLP Together in Real Applications
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This paper presents an action scheme for dialogue management for natural language interfaces. The scheme guides a dialogue manager which directs the interface's dialogue with the user, communicates with the background system, and assists the interpretation and generation modules. The dialogue manager was designed on the basis of an investigation of empirical material collected in Wizard of Oz experiments. The empirical investigations revealed that in dialogues with database systems users specify an object, or a set of objects, and ask for domain concept information, e.g. the value of a property of that object or set of objects. The interface responds by performing the appropriate action e.g. providing the requested information or initating a clarification subdialogue. The action to bt carried out by the interface can be determined based on how objects and properties are specified from information in the user utterance, the dialogue context, and the response from the background system and its domain model.