The VRML 2.0 handbook: building moving worlds on the web
The VRML 2.0 handbook: building moving worlds on the web
The annotated VRML 2.0 reference manual
The annotated VRML 2.0 reference manual
VRML—enchaned learning in biology and medicine
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue on educational applications of VRML
Dynamic VRML for Simulated Training in Medicine
CBMS '02 Proceedings of the 15th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'02)
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
Design and Implementation of Game-Based Learning Environment for Scientific Inquiry
Edutainment '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment
On the digital reconstruction and interactive presentation of heritage sites through time
VAST'06 Proceedings of the 7th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
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Medicine is a difficult thing to learn. Experimenting with real patients should not be the only option; simulation deserves a special attention here. Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) as a tool for building virtual objects and scenes has a good record of educational applications in medicine, especially for static and animated visualisations of body parts and organs. However, to create computer simulations resembling situations in real environments the required level of interactivity and dynamics is difficult to achieve. In the present paper we describe some approaches and techniques which we used to push the limits of the current VRML technology further toward dynamic 3D representation of virtual environments (VEs). Our demonstration is based on the implementation of a virtual baby model, whose vital signs can be controlled from an external Java application. The main contributions of this work are: (a) outline and evaluation of the three-level VRML/Java implementation of the dynamic virtual environment, (b) proposal for a modified VRML Timesensor node, which greatly improves the overall control of system performance, and (c) architecture of the prototype distributed virtual environment for training in neonatal resuscitation comprising the interactive virtual newborn, active bedside monitor for vital signs and full 3D representation of the surgery room.