The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles
SIGMOD '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
The Grid File: An Adaptable, Symmetric Multikey File Structure
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Distance browsing in spatial databases
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Indexing the positions of continuously moving objects
SIGMOD '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Making B+- trees cache conscious in main memory
SIGMOD '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Data Structures for Range Searching
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Optimizing multidimensional index trees for main memory access
SIGMOD '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
R-trees: a dynamic index structure for spatial searching
SIGMOD '84 Proceedings of the 1984 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Revisiting R-Tree Construction Principles
ADBIS '02 Proceedings of the 6th East European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems
Indexing the Current Positions of Moving Objects Using the Lazy Update R-tree
MDM '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Mobile Data Management
Effect of node size on the performance of cache-conscious B+-trees
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Frequent Update and Efficient Retrieval: an Oxymoron on Moving Object Indexes?
WISEW '02 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (Workshops) - (WISEw'02)
Range and kNN query processing for moving objects in grid model
Mobile Networks and Applications
Monitoring k-Nearest Neighbor Queries over Moving Objects
ICDE '05 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering
A Portable Programming Interface for Performance Evaluation on Modern Processors
International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Conceptual partitioning: an efficient method for continuous nearest neighbor monitoring
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
LUGrid: Update-tolerant Grid-based Indexing for Moving Objects
MDM '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mobile Data Management
iSEE: Efficient Continuous K-Nearest-Neighbor Monitoring over Moving Objects
SSDBM '07 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management
Buffering accesses to memory-resident index structures
VLDB '03 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 29
Supporting frequent updates in R-trees: a bottom-up approach
VLDB '03 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 29
Main-memory operation buffering for efficient R-tree update
VLDB '07 Proceedings of the 33rd international conference on Very large data bases
The COST benchmark—comparison and evaluation of spatio-temporal indexes
DASFAA'06 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
Thread-level parallel indexing of update intensive moving-object workloads
SSTD'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Advances in spatial and temporal databases
Optimizing predictive queries on moving objects under road-network constraints
DEXA'11 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Database and expert systems applications - Volume Part I
Parallel main-memory indexing for moving-object query and update workloads
SIGMOD '12 Proceedings of the 2012 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data
Continuous queries on trajectories of moving objects
Proceedings of the 16th International Database Engineering & Applications Sysmposium
Predictive line queries for traffic prediction
Transactions on Large-Scale Data- and Knowledge-Centered Systems VI
Daisy: the center for data-intensive systems at Aalborg University
ACM SIGMOD Record
Enhanced database support for location-based services
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on GeoStreaming
An experimental analysis of iterated spatial joins in main memory
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
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New application areas, such as location-based services, rely on the efficient management of large collections of mobile objects. Maintaining accurate, up-to-date positions of these objects results in massive update loads that must be supported by spatial indexing structures and main-memory indexes are usually necessary to provide high update performance. Traditionally, the R-tree and its variants were used for indexing spatial data, but most of the recent research assumes that a simple, uniform grid is the best choice for managing moving objects in main memory. We perform an extensive experimental study to compare the two approaches on modern hardware. As the result of numerous design-and-experiment iterations, we propose the update- and query-efficient variants of the R-tree and the grid. The experiments with these indexes reveal a number of interesting insights. First, the coupling of a spatial index, grid or R-tree, with a secondary index on object IDs boosts the update performance significantly. Next, the R-tree, when combined with such a secondary index, can provide update performance competitive with the grid. Finally, the grid can compete with the R-tree in terms of the query performance and it is surprisingly robust to varying parameters of the workloads. In summary, the study shows that, in most cases, the choice of the index boils down to the issues such as the ease of implementation or the support for spatially extended objects.