How to generate cryptographically strong sequences of pseudo-random bits
SIAM Journal on Computing
A universal statistical test for random bit generators
Journal of Cryptology
The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
The art of computer programming, volume 2 (3rd ed.): seminumerical algorithms
An Accurate Evaluation of Maurer's Universal Test
SAC '98 Proceedings of the Selected Areas in Cryptography
Cryptographic Randomness from Air Turbulence in Disk Drives
CRYPTO '94 Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Disk drive generates high speed real random numbers
Microsystem Technologies
Pseudorandom recursions: small and fast pseudorandom number generators for embedded applications
EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems
Unbiased bits from sources of weak randomness and probabilistic communication complexity
SFCS '85 Proceedings of the 26th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Independent Unbiased Coin Flips From A Correlated Biased Source: A Finite State Markov Chain
SFCS '84 Proceedings of the 25th Annual Symposium onFoundations of Computer Science, 1984
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Cryptographic random number generators seeded by physical entropy sources are employed in many embedded security systems, including self-encrypting disk drives, being manufactured by the millions every year. Random numbers are used for generating encryption keys and for facilitating secure communication, and they are also provided to users for their applications. We discuss common randomness requirements, techniques for estimating the entropy of physical sources, investigate specific nonrandom physical properties, estimate the autocorrelation, then mix reduce the data until all common randomness tests pass. This method is applied to a randomness source in disk drives: the always changing coefficients of an adaptive filter for the read channel equalization. These coefficients, affected by many kinds of physical noise, are used in the reseeding process of a cryptographic pseudorandom number generator in a family of self encrypting disk drives currently in the market.