Plant species identification using Elliptic Fourier leaf shape analysis

  • Authors:

  • João Camargo Neto;George E. Meyer;David D. Jones;Ashok K. Samal

  • Affiliations:

  • Embrapa Information Tecnology, Av. André Tosello 209, Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz", P.O. Box 6041, Barão Geraldo, 13083-886 Campinas, SP, Brazil;Biological Systems Engineering, 250 L.W. Chase Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA;Biological Systems Engineering, 250 L.W. Chase Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA;Computer Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0115, USA

  • Venue:
  • Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
  • Year:
  • 2006

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Abstract

Elliptic Fourier (EF) and discriminant analyses were used to identify young soybean (Glycine max (L.) merrill), sunflower (Helianthus pumilus), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medicus) plants, based on leaf shape. Chain encoded, Elliptic Fourier harmonic functions were generated based on leaf boundary. A complexity index of the leaf shape was computed using the variation between consecutive EF functions. Principle component analysis was used to select the Fourier coefficients with the best discriminatory power. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to develop species identification models based on leaf shapes extracted from plant color images during the second and third weeks after germination. The classification results showed that plant species during the third week were successfully identified with an average of correct classification rate of 89.4%. The discriminant model correctly classified on average: 77.9% of redroot pigweed, 93.8% of sunflower, 89.4% of velvetleaf and 96.5% of soybean. Using all of the leaves extracted from the second and the third weeks, the overall classification accuracy was 89.2%. The discriminant model correctly classified 76.4% of redroot pigweed, 93.6% of sunflower, 81.6% of velvetleaf, 91.5% of soybean leaf extracted from trifoliolate and 90.9% of soybean unifoliolate leaves. The Elliptic Fourier shape feature analysis could be an important and accurate tool for weed species identification and mapping.