REER: robust and energy efficient multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Energy efficient and QoS based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
BulkMAC: a cross-layer based MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference
Channel selection in spectrum agile and cognitive MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international workshop on Mobility management and wireless access
Performance evaluation of a hybrid MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 13th ACM international conference on Modeling, analysis, and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Enabling flexible MAC protocol design for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
International Journal of Communication Systems
CONFab: component based optimization of WSN protocol stacks using deployment feedback
Proceedings of the 10th ACM international symposium on Mobility management and wireless access
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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Power management is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because wireless sensor nodes are usually battery powered, and an efficient use of the available battery power becomes an important concern specially for those applications where the system is expected to operate for long durations. This necessity for energy efficient operation of a WSN has prompted the development of new protocols in all layers of the communication stack. Provided that, the radio transceiver is the most power consuming component of a typical sensor node, large gains can be achieved at the link layer where the medium access control (MAC) protocol controls the usage of the radio transceiver unit. MAC protocols for sensor networks differ greatly from typical wireless networks access protocols in many issues. MAC protocols for sensor networks must have built-in power conservation, mobility management, and failure recovery strategies. Furthermore, sensor MAC protocols should make performance trade-off between latency and throughput for a reduction in energy consumption to maximize the lifetime of the network. This is in general achieved through duty cycling the radio transceiver. Many MAC protocols with different objectives were proposed for wireless sensor networks in the literature. Most of these protocols take into account the energy efficiency as a main objective. There is much more innovative work should be done at the MAC layer to address the hard unsolved problems. In this paper, we first outline and discuss the specific requirements and design trade-offs of a typical wireless sensor MAC protocol by describing the properties of WSN that affect the design of MAC layer protocols. Then, a typical collection of wireless sensor MAC protocols presented in the literature are surveyed, classified, and described emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. Finally, we present research directions and identify open issues for future medium access research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.