Wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring
WSNA '02 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless sensor networks and applications
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An adaptive coordinated medium access control for wireless sensor networks
ISCC '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Computers and Communications 2004 Volume 2 (ISCC"04) - Volume 02
Energy Efficient Sleep Schedule for Achieving Minimum Latency in Query based Sensor Networks
SUTC '06 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing - Vol 2 - Workshops - Volume 02
Low power downlink MAC protocols for infrastructure wireless sensor networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
Latency of Energy Efficient MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
ICDT '06 Proceedings of the international conference on Digital Telecommunications
Ultra-low duty cycle MAC with scheduled channel polling
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Medium access control in wireless sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Transforming Agriculture through Pervasive Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing - Advances in Resource-Constrained Device Networking
International Journal of Sensor Networks
DW-MAC: a low latency, energy efficient demand-wakeup MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Performance Evaluation of Synchronous and Asynchronous MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
SENSORCOMM '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications
Wireless sensor networks for personal health monitoring: Issues and an implementation
Computer Communications
Towards a classification of energy aware MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks
Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing
Analyzing MAC protocols for low data-rate applications
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
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ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
A Dual Channel-Based Energy Efficient and Low Latency MAC Protocol for WSNs
NSWCTC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Second International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted Computing - Volume 01
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
QoS-aware MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: A survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
MAC Essentials for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
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Duty-cycling allows obtaining significant energy saving compared to full duty cycle (sleepless) random access MAC protocols. However, it may result in significant latency. In slotted duty-cycled medium access control (MAC) protocols, sensor nodes periodically and synchronously alternate their operations between active and sleep modes. The sleep mode allows a sensor node to completely turn off its radio and save energy. In order to transmit data from one node to another, both nodes must be in active mode. The synchronous feature makes the protocols more appropriate for delay-sensitive applications compared to asynchronous protocols. The latter involve additional delay for the sender to meet the receiver's active period, which is eliminated with synchronous approach where nodes sleep and wake up all together. Despite the possible increase of contention by grouping active periods, the delay due to packets retransmissions after collisions is less significant compared to the waiting time of asynchronous protocols. Furthermore, contention-based feature makes the protocol conceptually distributed and more dynamic compared to TDMA-based. This manuscript deals with timeliness issues of slotted contention-based WSN MAC protocols. It provides a comprehensive review and taxonomy of state-of-the-art synchronous MAC protocols. The performance objective considered in the proposed taxonomy is the latency, in the context of energy-limited WSN, where energy is considered as a constraint for the MAC protocol that yields the need of duty-cycling the radio. The main contribution is to study and classify these protocols from the delay efficiency perspective. The protocols are divided into two main categories: static schedule and adaptive schedule. Adaptive schedule are split up into four subclasses: adaptive grouped schedule, adaptive repeated schedule, staggered schedule, and reservation schedule. Several state-of-the-art protocols are described following the proposed classification, with comprehensive discussions and comparisons with respect to their latency.