ATM foundation for broadband networks
ATM foundation for broadband networks
Improving TCP throughput over two-way asymmetric links: analysis and solutions
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Statistical bandwidth sharing: a study of congestion at flow level
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
An Introduction to the Kalman Filter
An Introduction to the Kalman Filter
Overload management in sensor-actuator networks used for spatially-distributed control systems
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Mitigating congestion in wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Siphon: overload traffic management using multi-radio virtual sinks in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A Rate Control Framework for Supporting Multiple Classes of Traffic in Sensor Networks
RTSS '05 Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Elements of Information Theory (Wiley Series in Telecommunications and Signal Processing)
Elements of Information Theory (Wiley Series in Telecommunications and Signal Processing)
A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Multi-user data sharing in radar sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Mitigating Performance Degradation in Congested Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
International Journal of Sensor Networks
Data versus decision fusion for distributed classification in sensor networks
MILCOM'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE conference on Military communications - Volume I
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Sensor networks are prone to congestion due to bursty and high-bandwidth data traffic, combined with wireless links and many-to-one data routing to a sink. Delayed and dropped packets then degrade the performance of the sensing application. In this paper, we investigate the value of separate handling of sensor control and data traffic, during times of congestion, in a closed-loop sensor network. We first show that prioritizing sensor control traffic over data traffic decreases the round-trip control-loop delay, and consequently increases the quantity and quality of the data collected by the sensor network. We then ground our analysis in a closed-loop meteorological sensor network, focusing on a storm-tracking application running over a network of X-band radars. Our application measures reflectivity (a measure of the number of scatterers in a unit volume of atmosphere known as a voxel) and tracks storms (i.e., regions of high reflectivity) using a Kalman filter. Considering data quantity, we show that prioritizing sensor control traffic increases the number of voxels, V, that can be scanned given a constant number of reflectivity samples, Nc, obtained per voxel. Here, utility increases linearly with the number of scanned voxels. Considering data quality, we show that prioritizing sensor control traffic increases the number of reflectivity samples, N, that can be obtained per voxel given a constant number of voxels, Vc, to scan. Here, since sensing accuracy improves only as a function of √N, the gain in accuracy for the reflectivity estimate per voxel as N increases is relatively small except when prioritizing sensor control increases N significantly (such as when sensor control packets suffer severe delays). Because accuracy also degrades as a function of √N, however, and because prioritizing sensor control traffic reduces the number of control packets dropped, data degradation is mitigated. Considering the performance of the tracking application, we then show that during times of severe congestion, not prioritizing sensor control can actually lead to tracking errors accumulating over time.