Wireless sensor networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
An environmental energy harvesting framework for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Performance aware tasking for environmentally powered sensor networks
Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
RTSS '04 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Harvesting aware power management for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Energy-aware geographic routing in lossy wireless sensor networks with environmental energy supply
QShine '06 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Quality of service in heterogeneous wired/wireless networks
Sensor replacement using mobile robots
Computer Communications
Towards reliable scheduling schemes for long-lived replaceable sensor networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Study of joint routing and wireless charging strategies in sensor networks
WASA'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Wireless algorithms, systems, and applications
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When deployed for long-term tasks, the energy required to support sensor nodes' activities is far more than the energy that can be preloaded in their batteries. No matter how the battery energy is conserved, once the energy is used up, the network life terminates. Therefore, guaranteeing long-term energy supply has persisted as a big challenge. To address this problem, we propose a node replacement and reclamation (NRR) strategy, with which a mobile robot or human labor called mobile repairman (MR) periodically traverses the sensor network, reclaims nodes with low or no power supply, replaces them with fully-charged ones, and brings the reclaimed nodes back to an energy station for recharging. To effectively and efficiently realize the strategy, we develop an adaptive rendezvous-based two-tier scheduling (ARTS) scheme to schedule the replacement/reclamation activities of the MR and the duty cycles of nodes. Extensive simulations have been conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the ARTS scheme.