Contextual correlates of synonymy
Communications of the ACM
Natural Language Engineering
Differentiating homonymy and polysemy in information retrieval
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Automatic Evaluation of Information Ordering: Kendall's Tau
Computational Linguistics
A structured vector space model for word meaning in context
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
NAACL-Short '06 Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Companion Volume: Short Papers
Semeval-2007 task 02: evaluating word sense induction and discrimination systems
SemEval '07 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations
SemEval-2007 task 07: coarse-grained English all-words task
SemEval '07 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations
SemEval-2007 task 10: English lexical substitution task
SemEval '07 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations
Alternative annotations of word usage
DEW '09 Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Evaluations: Recent Achievements and Future Directions
EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Volume 1 - Volume 1
Multi-prototype vector-space models of word meaning
HLT '10 Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
What is word meaning, really?: (and how can distributional models help us describe it?)
GEMS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on GEometrical Models of Natural Language Semantics
Measuring similarity of word meaning in context with lexical substitutes and translations
CICLing'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing - Volume Part I
Measuring the impact of sense similarity on word sense induction
EMNLP '11 Proceedings of the First Workshop on Unsupervised Learning in NLP
Latent vector weighting for word meaning in context
EMNLP '11 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Managing uncertainty in semantic tagging
EACL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Multiplicity and word sense: evaluating and learning from multiply labeled word sense annotations
Language Resources and Evaluation
An evaluation of graded sense disambiguation using word sense induction
SemEval '12 Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics - Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation
Creating a system for lexical substitutions from scratch using crowdsourcing
Language Resources and Evaluation
An inference-based model of word meaning in context as a paraphrase distribution
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST) - Special Sections on Paraphrasing; Intelligent Systems for Socially Aware Computing; Social Computing, Behavioral-Cultural Modeling, and Prediction
Parser evaluation using textual entailments
Language Resources and Evaluation
The cross-lingual lexical substitution task
Language Resources and Evaluation
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The vast majority of work on word senses has relied on predefined sense inventories and an annotation schema where each word instance is tagged with the best fitting sense. This paper examines the case for a graded notion of word meaning in two experiments, one which uses WordNet senses in a graded fashion, contrasted with the "winner takes all" annotation, and one which asks annotators to judge the similarity of two usages. We find that the graded responses correlate with annotations from previous datasets, but sense assignments are used in a way that weakens the case for clear cut sense boundaries. The responses from both experiments correlate with the overlap of paraphrases from the English lexical substitution task which bodes well for the use of substitutes as a proxy for word sense. This paper also provides two novel datasets which can be used for evaluating computational systems.