Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Power-aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '98 Proceedings of the 4th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Routing with load balancing in wireless Ad hoc networks
MSWIM '01 Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Performance analysis of the CONFIDANT protocol
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Enforcing service availability in mobile ad-hoc WANs
MobiHoc '00 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
A charging and rewarding scheme for packet forwarding in multi-hop cellular networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Friends and Foes: Preventing Sel.shness in Open Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
ICDCSW '03 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Stimulating cooperation in self-organizing mobile ad hoc networks
Mobile Networks and Applications
The AD-MIX Protocol for Encouraging Participation in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
ICNP '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Rethinking incentives for mobile ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Practice and theory of incentives in networked systems
From Selfish Nodes to Cooperative Networks " Emergent Link-Based Incentives in Peer-to-Peer Networks
P2P '04 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing
CineMA: Cooperation Enhancement in Manets
LCN '04 Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
A Reputation-based Mechanism for Isolating Selfish Nodes in Ad Hoc Networks
MOBIQUITOUS '05 Proceedings of the The Second Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Networking and Services
Congestion Adaptive Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Why does it pay to be selfish in a MANET?
IEEE Wireless Communications
Maximum battery life routing to support ubiquitous mobile computing in wireless ad hoc networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Most reactive mobile ad hoc network (MANET) routing protocols such as AODV and DSR do not perform search for new routes until the network topology changes. But, low node mobility does not affect the MANET connectivity and the same routes may be used for a long time. This may cause concentration of traffic on few mobile stations (MSs), which results in congestion and hence longer end-to-end delay. In addition, continuous use of MSs may cause their battery power to get exhausted rapidly. Expiration of MS energy causes disruption of connections traversing through the MSs and could generate many simultaneous new routing requests. Therefore, we propose a load balancing approach called Simple Load Balancing Approach (SLBA), which can be transparently added to any current reactive routing protocol such as AODV and DSR. SLBA minimizes the traffic concentration by allowing each MS to drop RREQ or to give up packet forwarding depending on its own traffic load. Meanwhile, MSs may deliberately give up forwarding packets to save their own energy. For encouraging MSs to volunteer in forwarding packets, we introduce a reward scheme for packet forwarding, named Protocol-Independent Fairness Algorithm (PIFA). We compare the performance of AODV and DSR with and without SLBA and PIFA. Simulation results indicate that SLBA can distribute traffic very well and improve the MANET performance. PIFA is also observed to prevent MANET partitioning and any performance degradation due to selfish nodes.