Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
IPDPS '02 Proceedings of the 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
TEEN: ARouting Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
IPDPS '01 Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium
Energy-Aware Routing in Cluster-Based Sensor Networks
MASCOTS '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems
HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Distance-Based Energy Efficient Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks
LCN '04 Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
A distributed coordination framework for wireless sensor and actor networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
IEEE Communications Magazine
Directional multi-hop clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
Directional multi-hop clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are event-based systems based on the collaboration of several microsensor nodes. Due to the limited supply of energy at sensor nodes, energy-efficient configuration of WSN has become a major design goal to improve the lifetime of the network. Many clustering algorithms have been proposed as energy-efficient, however, the existing classical pre-event clustering solutions form clusters in the entire network unnecessarily that brings significant overheads in maintaining the network configuration. Unlike preevent clustering, energy-efficient operation of WSN requires the event-to-sink directed clustering notion, which forms clusters when and where they are needed and in the direction of data flow from event location to the sink. To the best of our knowledge, energy-efficient clustering in WSN has not been studied from this perspective before. In this paper, we propose a novel Eventto-Sink Directed Clustering (ESDC) protocol for WSN. ESDC realizes energy efficiency in sensor network configuration by employing two techniques: (1) clustering of the nodes only within the event-to-sink data flow corridor to avoid unnecessary cluster formation, (2) directional clustering to minimize the number of hops for data forwarding. The directional clustering process in ESDC also sets up the routing path of the event flows over the clusters. Performance results reveal that the ESDC protocol achieves the energy-efficiency objectives and outperforms the existing conventional pre-event clustering approaches.