An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A MAC Protocol to Reduce Sensor Network Energy Consumption Using a Wakeup Radio
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks
ISCC '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Computers and Communications 2004 Volume 2 (ISCC"04) - Volume 02
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Ultra-low duty cycle MAC with scheduled channel polling
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Adaptive Low Power Listening for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Early overhearing avoidance in wireless sensor networks
NETWORKING'08 Proceedings of the 7th international IFIP-TC6 networking conference on AdHoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Low energy operation in WSNs: A survey of preamble sampling MAC protocols
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are characterized by stringent power constraints. Researchers focus on improving their power efficiency in order to allow building up networks that survive for long periods of time on limited battery resources without any human intervention. Improvements have been proposed for every hardware and software component, including every networking layer of the sensor nodes. Concerning the MAC layer, different strategies have been proposed, among which preamble sampling is promising. This technique limits the energy spent by nodes that are not recipients of a frame, and transfer a part of this cost to the transmitter. However, the basic technique leaves room for enhancements. We show that such optimization is possible by adapting the duty cycles of the nodes taking into consideration their depth in the routing tree. We experimentally demonstrate that a significant reduction in energy consumption may be obtained when using different preamble lengths throughout the network. Our results show that, with such inter-layer cooperation, the energy efficiency of nodes closer to the sink can be improved by up to 50%.