Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Highly dynamic Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Wireless sensor networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
CODA: congestion detection and avoidance in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Mitigating congestion in wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Siphon: overload traffic management using multi-radio virtual sinks in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Ant colony optimization theory: a survey
Theoretical Computer Science
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Sensor Networks
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence
Fundamentals of Computational Swarm Intelligence
Reducing Congestion Effects in Wireless Networks by Multipath Routing
ICNP '06 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
Cluster-based congestion control for sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Congestion Control in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on the Bird Flocking Behavior
IWSOS '09 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP TC 6 International Workshop on Self-Organizing Systems
Applying swarm intelligence to a novel congestion control approach for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies
Congestion control in wireless sensor networks based on bird flocking behavior
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Consensus of sampled-data multi-agent networking systems via model predictive control
Automatica (Journal of IFAC)
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Recently a great emphasis has been given on autonomous decentralized networks (ADNs) wherein constituent nodes carry out specific tasks collectively. Their dynamic and constrained nature along with the emerging need for offering quality of service (QoS) assurances drive the necessity for effective network control mechanisms. This study focuses on designing a robust and self-adaptable congestion control mechanism which aims to be simple to implement at the individual node, and involve minimal information exchange, while maximizing network lifetime and providing QoS assurances. Our approach combats congestion by mimicking the collective behavior of bird flocks having global self-* properties achieved collectively without explicitly programming them into individual nodes. The main idea is to 'guide' packets (birds) to form flocks and flow towards the sink (global attractor), whilst trying to avoid congestion regions (obstacles). Unlike the bioswarm approach of Couzin, which is formulated on a metrical space, our approach is reformulated on to a topological space (graph of nodes), while repulsion/attraction forces manipulate the direction of motion of packets. Our approach provides sink direction discovery, congestion detection and traffic management in ADNs with emphasis on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Performance evaluations show the effectiveness of our self-adaptable mechanism in balancing the offered load and in providing graceful performance degradation under high load scenarios compared to typical conventional approaches.