Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Graph drawing by force-directed placement
Software—Practice & Experience
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
KeyGraph: Automatic Indexing by Co-occurrence Graph based on Building Construction Metaphor
ADL '98 Proceedings of the Advances in Digital Libraries Conference
Semiology of graphics
Building Blocks, Cohort Genetic Algorithms, and Hyperplane-Defined Functions
Evolutionary Computation
Schemata evolution and building blocks
Evolutionary Computation
Evolutionary computation: comments on the history and current state
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
GAVEL - a new tool for genetic algorithm visualization
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Tracer spectrum: a visualisation method for distributed evolutionary computation
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
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Building blocks are solutions to sub-parts of a problem which can help in the formation of good solutions to the whole problem. Building blocks are widely recognised as important elements in the successful application of evolutionary algorithms (EAs), but there is as yet no general method by which the building blocks of a problem can be identified. We describe and evaluate a new system which creates a visual representation of these building blocks by displaying the possible gene values of a problem on a canvas, with the distance between the nodes representing two values determined by the number of individuals in the population which contain both values. Building blocks then appear as clusters of nodes, and they can be identified easily: moreover, the evolution of the building blocks as the EA proceeds can be tracked. This system will help in understanding the structure of problems and in tuning EAs to solve them well.