Energy benchmarks: a detailed analysis
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Energy-Efficient Computing and Networking
Layered Green Performance Indicators
Future Generation Computer Systems
Towards efficient supercomputing: searching for the right efficiency metric
ICPE '12 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
Towards energy-proportional computing for enterprise-class server workloads
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
Experimental analysis of task-based energy consumption in cloud computing systems
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
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To address the server industry's marketing focus on performance, benchmarking organizations have played a pivotal role in developing techniques to determine the maximum achievable performance level of a system. Generally missing has been an assessment of energy use to achieve that performance. The connection between performance and energy consumption is becoming necessary information for designers and operators as they grapple with power constraints in the data center. While industry and policy makers continue to strategize about a universal metric to holistically measure IT equipment efficiency, existing server benchmarks for various workloads could provide an interim proxy to assess the relative energy efficiency of general servers. This paper discusses ideal characteristics a future energy-performance benchmark might contain, suggests ways in which current benchmarks might be adapted to provide a transitional step to this end, and notes the need for multiple workloads to provide a holistic proxy for a universal metric.