Optimal precision in the presence of uncertainty
STOC '85 Proceedings of the seventeenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
A theory of clock synchronization (extended abstract)
STOC '94 Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Knowledge, timed precedence and clocks (preliminary report)
PODC '94 Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Optimal and efficient clock synchronization under drifting clocks
Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Optimal Clock Synchronization Under Different Delay Assumptions
SIAM Journal on Computing
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Brief announcement: gradient clock synchronization in sensor networks
Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Gradient clock synchronization
Distributed Computing - Special issue: PODC 04
Clock Synchronization with Bounded Global and Local Skew
FOCS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 49th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
An algorithm for clock synchronization with the gradient property in sensor networks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Tight bounds for clock synchronization
Proceedings of the 28th ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Oblivious gradient clock synchronization
DISC'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Distributed Computing
Clock synchronization for wireless networks
OPODIS'04 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Principles of Distributed Systems
Optimal clock synchronization under energy constraints in wireless ad-hoc networks
OPODIS'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Principles of Distributed Systems
Time synchronization in sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
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Reference-Broadcast Synchronization (RBS) is a technique that allows a set of receivers in a broadcast network to accurately estimate each others' clock values. RBS provides a relative time-frame for conversion between the local clocks of different nodes, and can be used to synchronize nodes to an external time-source such as GPS. However, RBS by itself does not output a logical clock at every node, and so it does not solve internal clock synchronization. In this work we study the theoretical properties of RBS in the worst-case model, in which the performance of a clock synchronization algorithm is measured by the worst-case skew it can incur. We suggest a method by which RBS can be incorporated in standard internal clock synchronization algorithms. This is achieved by separating the task of estimating the clock values of other nodes in the network from the task of using these estimates to output a logical clock value. The separation is modelled using a virtual estimate graph , overlaid on top of the real network graph, which represents the information various nodes can obtain about each other. RBS estimates are represented in the estimate graph as edges between nodes at distance 2 from each other in the original network graph. A clock synchronization algorithm then operates on the estimate graph as though it were the original network. To illustrate the merits of this approach, we modify a recent optimal gradient clock synchronization algorithm to work in this setting. The modified algorithm transparently takes advantage of RBS estimates. Its quality of synchronization depends on the diameter of the estimate graph, which is typically much smaller than the diameter of the original network graph.