Optimal precision in the presence of uncertainty
STOC '85 Proceedings of the seventeenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
A new distributed algorithm to find breadth first search trees
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Introduction to algorithms
Sparser: a paradigm for running distributed algorithms
Journal of Algorithms
A theory of clock synchronization (extended abstract)
STOC '94 Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Optimal and efficient clock synchronization under drifting clocks
Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Analysis of a cone-based distributed topology control algorithm for wireless multi-hop networks
Proceedings of the twentieth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Closed form bounds for clock synchronization under simple uncertainty assumptions
Information Processing Letters
Optimal Clock Synchronization Under Different Delay Assumptions
SIAM Journal on Computing
Wireless sensor networks: a new regime for time synchronization
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks
WSNA '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international conference on Wireless sensor networks and applications
Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Distributed Computing: Fundamentals, Simulations and Advanced Topics
Distributed Computing: Fundamentals, Simulations and Advanced Topics
Adaptive clock synchronization in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Improved interval-based clock synchronization in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Gradient clock synchronization
Proceedings of the twenty-third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Brief announcement: gradient clock synchronization in sensor networks
Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Clock synchronization for wireless networks
OPODIS'04 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Principles of Distributed Systems
Time synchronization in sensor networks: a survey
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Gradient clock synchronization in dynamic networks
Proceedings of the twenty-first annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures
Gradient Clock Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts
OPODIS '09 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems
A weighted average-based external clock synchronisation protocol for wireless sensor networks
International Journal of Sensor Networks
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Clock synchronization is a crucial service in many distributed systems, including wireless ad-hoc networks. This paper studies external clock synchronization, in which nodes should bring their clocks close to the value of some external reference time, which is provided in the system by one or more source clocks. Reference broadcast synchronization (RBS) is a known approach that exploits the broadcast nature of wireless networks for a single hop. However, when networks are large in physical extent, additional mechanisms must be employed. Using multi-hop algorithms that re-broadcast time information to short distances reduces the energy consumed for clock synchronization. The reason is that energy costs grow more than linearly with the broadcast distance. On the other hand, the quality of the clock synchronization, as measured in the closeness of the clocks, deteriorates as the number of hops increases. This paper shows how to balance these two contradictory goals, achieving optimal clock synchronization while adhering to an energy budget at each node. In particular, a distributed algorithm is presented that uses multi-hop broadcasting over a shallow infrastructure to synchronize the clocks. The closeness of clock synchronization achieved by the algorithm is proved to be optimal for the given energy constraints.