Watermarking of uncompressed and compressed video
Signal Processing
A novel coefficient scanning scheme for directional spatial prediction-based image compression
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 1
A CAVLC-Based Blind Watermarking Method for H.264/AVC Compressed Video
APSCC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference
A Framework for Robust Watermarking of H.264-Encoded Video With Controllable Detection Performance
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Watermarking Digital 3-D Volumes in the Discrete Fourier Transform Domain
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Oblivious Spatio-Temporal Watermarking of Digital Video by Exploiting the Human Visual System
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A low complexity video watermarking in H.264 compressed domain
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
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Motion and time dependency are inherent in video signals. In video watermarking algorithms, analyzing P frames can reduce the visible artifacts and preserve the video quality. In a watermarked video stream, two visual artifacts may occur considered as spatial noise and temporal flicker. Even by embedding the watermark in I frames, some visible artifacts may occur in P frames. In this paper, statistical analysis of the coefficients in each block is utilized to provide the information to select the best positions for embedding the watermark in order to prevent noticeable spatial noise. On the other hand, motion information as one of the available data in every coding standard is exploited for analyzing the temporal variation of video signals. The inter mode information extracted from P frames are employed to decrease the temporal quality degradation. Compromising between perceptual quality and bit rate increment is another advantage of the proposed method.