Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulating facial surgery using finite element models
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Anatomy-based facial tissue modeling using the finite element method
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
Image-Based 3D Planning of Maxillofacial Distraction Procedures Including Soft Tissue Implications
MICCAI '00 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
MICCAI '00 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention
A Biomechanical Model for Soft Tissue Simulation in Craniofacial Surgery
MIAR '01 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Medical Imaging and Augmented Reality (MIAR '01)
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This paper presents a novel method for assisting surgeons in automatically computing an optimal surgical plan by directly specifying the desired correction to a facial outline. First, the desired facial appearance is prescribed using a 3D sculpturing tool, while the cut regions of the skull are defined based on facial anatomy. Then, the deformation of the face meshes is performed using an improved biomechanical model in which virtual external forces are driven by the displacements corresponding to the differences of node coordinates between the original and specified face meshes, and free nodes and fixed nodes are defined in terms of the contact surfaces between the soft tissues and the bones within the cut regions. Finally, the shape of the contact surfaces is updated following the deformation of the soft tissues. After registering the deformable contact surfaces and the cut surfaces, the final positions of the cut bones are estimated. Evaluation of preliminary experimental results quantitatively demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.