Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Fine-grained network time synchronization using reference broadcasts
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
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With recent technological advances in smart sensor platforms, structural condition monitoring implementations based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have received considerable attention. Modal identification is an integral step in many structural condition monitoring systems. However, accurate time synchronization is not always possible, leading to incorrect identification of the mode shapes. Although strict time synchronization of the wireless sensors has been viewed as crucial for the identification of mode shapes, a new perspective is taken herein. The distortion in the identified mode shapes is characterized and accommodated. Then the resulting mode shapes are used with a flexibility-based damage detection approach to localize damage to the exact elements. Numerical simulations considering a simply supported beam are used to demonstrate that the requirement of frequent sensor synchronization can be relaxed with this approach, without sacrificing accuracy in the results.