Gross motion planning—a survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Power-aware scheduling under timing constraints for mission-critical embedded systems
Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
Approximating Kinematics for Tracked Mobile Robots
International Journal of Robotics Research
Journal of Robotic Systems - Special Issue on the DARPA Grand Challenge, Part 2
A time and energy optimal controller for mobile robots
AI'04 Proceedings of the 17th Australian joint conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
On finding energy-minimizing paths on terrains
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Modeling and Analysis of Skidding and Slipping in Wheeled Mobile Robots: Control Design Perspective
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
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Power consumption is a key element in outdoor mobile robot autonomy. This issue is very relevant in skid-steer tracked vehicles on account of their large ground contact area. In this paper, the power losses due to dynamic friction have been modeled from two different perspectives: 1) the power drawn by the rigid terrain and 2) the power supplied by the motors. Comparison of both approaches has provided new insight on skid steering on hard flat terrains at walking speeds. Experimental power models, which also include traction resistance and other power losses, have been obtained for two different track widths over marble flooring and asphalt with Auriga-β, which is a full-size mobile robot. To this end, various internal probes have been set at different points of the power stream. Furthermore, new energy implications for navigation of these kinds of vehicles have been deduced and tested.