Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Sensor networks of freely drifting autonomous underwater explorers
WUWNet '06 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Underwater networks
Localization for large-scale underwater sensor networks
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Localization using ray tracing for underwater acoustic sensor networks
IEEE Communications Letters
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Underwater localization and tracking of physical systems
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Special issue on Underwater Communications and Networking
Cross-layer analysis of error control in underwater wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Time-bounded essential localization for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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Although many localization protocols have been proposed for terrestrial sensor networks in recent years, the unique characteristics of the underwater acoustic communication channel, such as high and variable propagation delay and the three dimensional volume of the environment make it necessary to design and develop new localization algorithms. In this paper, a localization algorithm called Three-Dimensional Underwater Localization (3DUL) is introduced. 3DUL achieves networkwide robust 3D localization by using a distributed and iterative algorithm. Most importantly, 3DUL exploits only three surface buoys for localization initially. The sensor nodes leverage the low speed of sound to accurately determine the inter-node distances. Performance evaluations show that 3DUL algorithm provides high accuracy in underwater localization, which does not degrade with network size.