Microbathymetric mapping from underwater vehicles in the deep ocean
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on underwater computer vision and pattern recognition
Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision
Multiple View Geometry in Computer Vision
Improved Techniques for Grid Mapping With Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filters
IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Adaptive autonomous underwater vehicles for littoral surveillance
Intelligent Service Robotics
Scan matching SLAM in underwater environments
Autonomous Robots
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In this paper we propose an approach to SLAM suitable for bathymetric mapping by an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). AUVs typically do not have access to GPS while underway and the survey areas of interest are unlikely to contain features that can easily be identified and tracked using bathymetric sonar. We demonstrate how the uncertainty in the vehicle state can be modeled using a particle filter and an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), where each particle maintains a 2D depth map to model the seafloor. Efficient methods for maintaining and resampling the joint maps and particles using Distributed Particle Mapping are then described. Our algorithm was tested using field data collected by an AUV equipped with multibeam sonar. The results achieved by Bathymetric distributed Particle SLAM (BPSLAM) demonstrate how observations of the seafloor structure improve the estimated trajectory and resulting map when compared to dead reckoning fused with USBL observations, the best navigation solution during the trials. Furthermore, the computational run time to deliver these results falls well below the total mission time, providing the potential for the algorithm to be implemented in real time.