A Method for Registration of 3-D Shapes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part II
Evaluation of 3D registration reliability and speed: a comparison of ICP and NDT
ICRA'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Robotics and Automation
Appearance-based loop detection from 3D laser data using the normal distributions transform
ICRA'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Robotics and Automation
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A new convergence calculation method of the Normal Distributions Transform (NDT) scan matching for high resolution of grid maps is proposed. NDT scan matching algorithm usually has a good effect on large grids, so it is difficult to generate the detailed map with small grids. The proposed method employs Interactive Closest Point(ICP) algorithm to find corresponding point, and it also enlarges the convergence area by modifying the eigenvalue of normal distribution so that the evaluation value is driven effectively for the pairing data. In addition, outlier elimination process is implemented to the scanning for sub-grid scale object. The scanning data fromLeaser Renge Finder(LRF) have error but its set of detected small object can be clustered to determine the Center of Mass(CoM) and the outlier data. The outlier commonly locates behind true points and it can be eliminated when the robot observes from other point. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed convergence algorithm and outlier elimination method.