Conceptual structures: information processing in mind and machine
Conceptual structures: information processing in mind and machine
An order-sorted logic for knowledge representation systems
Artificial Intelligence
HILOG: a foundation for higher-order logic programming
Journal of Logic Programming
New HELIC-II: a software tool for legal reasoning
ICAIL '95 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law
Knowledge representation: logical, philosophical and computational foundations
Knowledge representation: logical, philosophical and computational foundations
Event, property and hierarchy in order-sorted logic
Proceedings of the 1999 international conference on Logic programming
A relational model of data for large shared data banks
Communications of the ACM
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Reasoning and Unification over Conceptual Graphs
Reasoning and Unification over Conceptual Graphs
Order-sorted logic programming with predicate hierarchy
Artificial Intelligence
A Basic Mathematical Framework for Conceptual Graphs
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
APCCM '08 Proceedings of the fifth Asia-Pacific conference on Conceptual Modelling - Volume 79
An upper ontology for event classifications and relations
AI'07 Proceedings of the 20th Australian joint conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
Building corporate knowledge through ontology integration
PKAW'06 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Knowledge Acquisition international conference on Advances in Knowledge Acquisition and Management
A formalization of objective and subjective time ontologies
AOW '07 Proceedings of the Third Australasian Workshop on Advances in Ontologies - Volume 85
Sorted hyper-predicate knowledge bases for ontologies and rules
Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
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This paper presents an enhanced ontology formalization, combining previous work in Conceptual Structure Theory and Order-Sorted Logic. Most existing ontology formalisms place greater importance on concept types, but in this paper we focus on relation types, which are in essence predicates on concept types. We formalize the notion of 'predicate of predicates' as meta-relation type and introduce the new hierarchy of meta-relation types as part of the ontology definition. The new notion of closure of a relation or meta-relation type is presented as a means to complete that relation or meta-relation type by transferring extra arguments and properties from other related types. The end result is an expanded ontology, called the closure of the original ontology, on which automated inference could be more easily performed. Our proposal could be viewed as a novel and improved ontology formalization within Conceptual Structure Theory and a contribution to knowledge representation and formal reasoning (e.g., to build a query-answering system for legal knowledge).