Integrating NAND flash devices onto servers
Communications of the ACM - A Direct Path to Dependable Software
Migrating server storage to SSDs: analysis of tradeoffs
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
The pitfalls of deploying solid-state drive RAIDs
Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on Systems and Storage
A version-based strategy for reliability enhancement of flash file systems
Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference
Exploiting workload dynamics to improve SSD read latency via differentiated error correction codes
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES) - Special Section on Networks on Chip: Architecture, Tools, and Methodologies
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Deployment of SSDs in enterprise settings is limited by the low erase cycles available on commodity devices. Redundancy solutions such as RAID can potentially be used to protect against the high Bit Error Rate (BER) of aging SSDs. Unfortunately, such solutions wear out redundant devices at similar rates, inducing correlated failures as arrays age in unison. We present Diff-RAID, a new RAID variant that distributes parity unevenly across SSDs to create age disparities within arrays. By doing so, Diff-RAID balances the high BER of old SSDs against the low BER of young SSDs. Diff-RAID provides much greater reliability for SSDs compared to RAID-4 and RAID-5 for the same space overhead, and offers a trade-off curve between throughput and reliability.