MIPS, Dhrystones, and other tales
Datamation
Distribution of mathematical software via electronic mail
Communications of the ACM
The LINPACK benchmark: an explanation
Evaluating supercomputers
Reduced instruction set computers
Communications of the ACM - Special section on computer architecture
On the use of benchmarks for measuring system performance
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
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'Fair benchmarking' can be less of an oxymoron - if the people using benchmark results know what tasks the benchmarks really perform and what they measure. This paper characterizes in detail the most commonly used industry standard benchmark programs (Whetstone, Dhrystone, Linpack) and names a number of pitfalls that users have to be aware of. Other benchmarks are mentioned, and the relative merits of small vs. large benchmarks are discussed. The often neglected non-CPU influences on benchmark results are discussed, and 'consumer advice' if offered.