Journal of Microcomputer Applications - Special issue on computer applications for handicapped persons
The pantograph: a large workspace haptic device for multimodal human computer interaction
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A Tactile Shape Display Using RC Servomotors
HAPTICS '02 Proceedings of the 10th Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
A Method of Selective Stimulation to Epidermal Skin Receptors for Realistic Touch Feedback
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
SmartTouch: Electric Skin to Touch the Untouchable
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Braille Display by Lateral Skin Deformation with the STReSS2 Tactile Transducer
WHC '07 Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Refreshable tactile graphics applied to schoolbook illustrations for students with visual impairment
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
A specification for a haptic graphic display
HCI '08 Proceedings of the Third IASTED International Conference on Human Computer Interaction
Human shape recognition performance for 3D tactile display
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
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This research seeks to identify the most appropriate resolution for a haptic graphic display based on a pin array utilising active feedback. Initially, fourteen participants from varied social and educational backgrounds participated in a repeated measures experiment to compare the recognition of six simple patterns using three different resolutions. The results demonstrated that a significantly higher proportion of shapes could be identified using the second of the three resolutions when compared with the lowest, but that there was no statistically significant difference between the two higher resolutions. These results led to a second hypothesis: that there was an optimum resolution at which shapes could be identified and that increasing the resolution above this point would not increase the likelihood of recognition. There was, however, the possibility that interference between the pins on the highest resolution may have been affecting the participants' ability to identify shapes at this resolution, so a second experiment was conducted using a resolution slightly lower than the highest. The results demonstrated that the initial findings were correct and supported the hypothesis that there is an optimum resolution that allows the greatest number of shapes to be determined without any significant benefit from increasing the resolution.